Simple Computer Simulator Instruction-Set

--D. Thiebaut (talk) 16:57, 26 August 2014 (EDT)

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Instructions Using a Single Constant

These instructions operate with a single number (we refer to them as constants) that is either loaded into, added, or subtracted from the accumulator register.

Instruction	Code (decimal)	Code ( binary)	Description
ADD number	24	00011000	This instruction adds the number to the one already in the accumulator. For example, if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes ADD 3 the result is that the accumulator will contain 13 after the instruction.
COMP number	84	01010100	This instruction compares the number to the one already in the accumulator. For example, if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes COMP 3 the result is the comparison of 10 to 3. 10 is greater, and is not equal to 3. This will prevent a JLT (jump if less than) to jump to its target, and will prevent a JEQ instruction from jumping. On the other hand, if the accumulator had contained 2, then a COMP 2 would have allowed a subsequent JEQ instruction to jump to its target.
DIV number	44	00101100	This instruction divides the contents of the accumulator by number, and keeps the integer part of the result. For example, if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes DIV 4 the result is that the accumulator will contain 2 after the instruction.
LOAD number	4	00000100	This instruction puts the number into the accumulator. Whatever was in the accumulator prior to the operation is lost. , if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes ADD 3 the result is that the accumulator will contain 13 after the instruction.
MUL number	40	00101000	This instruction multiplies the contents of the accumulator by number, and replaces the contents of the accumulator by the result. For example, if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes MUL 4 the result is that the accumulator will contain 40 after the instruction.
SUB number	32	00100000	This instruction subtracts the number from the one already in the accumulator. For example, if the accumulator register already contains 10, and the processor executes SUB 3 the result is that the accumulator will contain 7 after the instruction.

Number-in-Memory Instructions

These instructions are followed by a number in brackets. This number refers to the location, or address in memory where the actual operand is located. So, if the number following the instruction is [100], it means that the instruction will use whatever number is stored at 100. A simple analogy might help here. Think of the difference between these two statements:

"Please read the book The Little Prince."

and the statement

"Please read the book from the library, with Call Number PQ2637.A274 P4613 2000".

Both statements refer to reading the same book. The first one refers to the book directly. The instructions in the section above operate similarly with their operands. The second statement refers to the book indirectly, by giving you its address in the library. The instructions in this section perform the same way. By putting brackets around the numbers that follow the instructions, we indicate that the numbers used are not the actual numbers we want to combine with the accumulator, but the address of the cells where we will find the numbers of interest.

This may still be a bit obscure, but read on the description for each instruction and this will hopefully become a bit clearer.

Instruction	Code (decimal)	Code ( binary)	Description
ADD [address]	26	00011010	This instruction is similar to ADD number, except that now the number to add to the accumulator is located in the memory at the address specified in the instruction. For example, if the memory cell at Address 20 contains 4, and if the accumulator contains 10, then the instruction ADD [20]
COMP [address]	86	01010110
DIV [address]	46	00101110
LOAD [address]	6	00000110
MUL [address]	42	00101010
STORE [address]	18	00010010
SUB [address] 34	00100010

Number-with-Address-in-Index Instructions

Instruction	Code (decimal)	Code ( binary)	Description
ADDX	28	00011100
ADDXm	30	00011110
ADDXx	29	00011101
ADDx	25	00011001
COMPX	92	01011100
COMPXm	94	01011110
COMPXx	93	01011101
COMPx	85	01010101
DIVx	45	00101101
HALT	127	01111111
JEQ	68	01000100
JLT	72	01001000
JUMP	64	01000000
LOADX	8	00001000
LOADXm	10	00001010
LOADXx	9	00001001
LOADx	5	00000101
MULx	41	00101001
NOP	0	00000000
STOREXm	22	00010110
STOREXx	21	00010101
STOREx	17	00010001
SUBX	36	00100100
SUBXm	38	00100110
SUBXx	37	00100101
SUBx	33	00100001
TAX	79	01001111
TXA	83	01010011