Difference between revisions of "CSC111 Lab 10 2014"

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(TypeError Exceptions)
(TypeError Exceptions)
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==TypeError Exceptions==
 
==TypeError Exceptions==
 
<br />
 
<br />
The code section below similar to code that we have seen beforeThis time it deals with the number of Internet users registered in different countries of the world.  Create a program called '''stats.py''' and paste this code in it:
+
The code section below will be our testbed for this part of the labYou have to make it compute the different values we are interested in '''without using if/else/elif statements,''' using instead '''try/except''' statements.
  
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<source lang="python">
 
<source lang="python">
statistics = [['Afghanistan', 28710000, 'NA', 'NA', 1], ['Albania', 3580000,
+
# happiness.py
              12000, 'NA', 10], ['Algeria', 32810000, 180000, 'NA', 2],
+
# Lab 10 demo
              ['Andorra', 69150, 24500, 'NA', 1], ['Angola', 10760000,
+
 
              60000, 'NA', 1], ['Anguilla', 12738, 919, 'NA', 16],
+
SWsFriends = [
              ['Antigua_and_Barbuda', 67897, 5000, 'NA', 16], ['Argentina',
+
    # name    pocket-money  debt
              38740000, 4650000, 'NA', 33], ['Armenia', 3320000, 30000, 'NA',
+
    ("Sleepy", 10,         "NA" ),
              9], ['Aruba', 70844, 24000, 'NA', 'NA'], ['Australia', 19730000,
+
    ("Sneezy", 25.50,     0 ),
              13010000, 9020000, 571], ['Austria', 8180000, 4650000,
+
    ("Bashful", 0.50,       10.51 ),
              1300000, 37], ['Azerbaijan', 7830000, 25000, 'NA', 2],
+
    ( "Happy", 0,         0 ),
              ['Bahrain', 667238, 140200, 'NA', 1], ['Bangladesh',
+
    ( "Grumpy", 0,         100.30 ),
              138440000, 150000, 'NA', 10], ['Barbados', 277264, 6000, 'NA',
+
    ( "Dopey", "NA",       0 ),
              19], ['Belarus', 10330000, 422000, 'NA', 23], ['Belgium',
+
    ( "Doc",   200,       0 ) ]
              10280000, 4870000, 1600000, 61], ['Belize', 266440, 18000,
 
              'NA', 2], ['Benin', 7040000, 25000, 'NA', 4], ['Bhutan',
 
              2130000, 2500, 'NA', 'NA'], ['Bolivia', 8580000, 78000, 'NA', 9],
 
              ['Bosnia_and_Herzegovian', 3980000, 45000, 'NA', 3],
 
              ['Botswana', 1570000, 33000, 'NA', 11], ['Brazil', 182030000,
 
              22320000, 10860000, 50], ['Brunei', 358098, 35000, 'NA', 2],
 
              ['Bulgaria', 7530000, 1610000, 'NA', 200], ['Burkina_Faso',
 
              13220000, 25000, 'NA', 1], ['Burma', 42510000, 10000, 'NA', 1],
 
              ['Burundi', 6090000, 6000, 'NA', 1], ['Cambodia', 13120000,
 
              10000, 'NA', 2], ['Cameroon', 15740000, 45000, 'NA', 1] ]
 
  
 
def main():
 
def main():
     for country, pop, users, active, isp in statistics:
+
     for name, pocket, debt in SWsFriends:
         print( "%30s (%d habitants)" % (country, pop ), end="" )
+
         print( name, "has", pocket, "dollar(s) in his pocket, and owes",
        print( "Users=", users, " Active=", active, " ISP=", isp )
+
                debt, "dollar(s)" )
 
 
  
 
main()
 
main()
 
 
</source>
 
</source>
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
* Run the program.
 
* Run the program.
* Notice that the data are in their original form.  When a quantity is not known, the creators of the list use '''"NA"''' to indicate that it was '''N'''ot '''A'''vailable.
+
* Notice that some amounts of money have "NA" as a value (Not Available).
  
* Let's compute the total population of the (partial) list of countries in the list '''statistics'''.
+
* Add a for-loop to your program that will add up the total amount of money Snow White's friends have in their pocket.
 +
Do not anticipate errors.  <font color="magenta">Just go for it!</font>  Assume there won't be errors and put all the code necessary to compute the sum of all the numbers in the 2nd column.
  
    count = 0
+
* When you run your program the first time, you will get a <font color="red">TypeError</font> because you cannot take the '''float( )''' of the string '''"NA"'''.  Add a '''try/except''' clause around the addition, as illustrated below:
    for country, pop, users, active, isp in statistics:
 
          count += pop
 
  
:Go ahead and see if your get a total population of 618039669.
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 +
<source lang="python">
 +
    try:
 +
        sumPocket += pocket
 +
    except TypeError:
 +
        continue
 +
</source>
 +
<br />
 +
 +
* Run your program again.  Verify that you get the total sum in all the pockets (we assume that NA will be equivalent to 0).
 +
 +
<font color="blue">total sum in all the pockets:  236.0</font>
 +
 +
<br />
 +
<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
 
{| style="width:100%; background:silver"
 
{| style="width:100%; background:silver"
 
|-
 
|-
 
|
 
|
  
===Challenge #1===
+
==Challenge 1==
 
|}
 
|}
 
[[Image:QuestionMark1.jpg|right|120px]]
 
[[Image:QuestionMark1.jpg|right|120px]]
 
<br />
 
<br />
* Modify your program so that it also computes the total number of Users.  Make it use the very same construct as shown above, but now for the quantity '''users'''.
+
* Add a new loop that computes the total amount of debts held by the 7 friends.
 
+
* Do not use if statementsUse a new try/except clause to protect your code from exceptions.
* Run your program.
 
 
 
* Did you get an error of this type?
 
 
 
  <font color="red">Traceback (most recent call last):
 
  File "stats.py", line 36, in <module>
 
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  main()
 
  File "stats.py", line 31, in main
 
  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;  userCount += users
 
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'int' and 'str'</font>
 
 
 
:If so, why?  What made the program crash? 
 
:Think hard!
 
:Harder!
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
Line 87: Line 73:
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 +
<!-- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -->
 +
{| style="width:100%; background:silver"
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
 +
==Challenge 2==
 +
|}
 +
[[Image:QuestionMark3.jpg|right|120px]]
 
<br />
 
<br />
<center>[[Image:FrogThinking.jpg | 200px]]</center>
+
* Make your program print the contents of the list in 3 columns, as shown below:
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
:Do not move on until you know for sure why this error was generated.
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
 
+
<source lang="text">
* I trust that if you are reading this, it is because you know what caused your program to crash.  The clue is '''unsupported operand type(s) for +=: 'int' and 'str' ''', indicating that we are trying to add ''' 'NA' ''' which is a string to '''count''', which is an integer.
+
    Sleepy        10        NA
 
+
    Sneezy      25.5          0
:We could use an if statement to test whether '''users''' contains 'NA' or not, but we'll use another approach.  We will tell python to '''try''' adding '''users''' to the counting variable, and if there is an error of type '''TypeError''' (see the last ligne of the error message when the program crashed), then we won't add anything to the count variable; we'll just ''pass''.
+
  Bashful        0.5     10.51
 
+
     Happy         0         0
:The main program becomes:
+
    Grumpy         0      100.3
::<source lang="python">
+
    Dopey        NA         0
def main():
+
      Doc        200         0
    popCount = 0
 
     userCount = 0
 
     for country, pop, users, active, isp in statistics:
 
         print "%30s (%d habitants)" % (country, pop ),
 
         print "Users=", users, " Active=", active, " ISP=", isp
 
         popCount += pop
 
         try:
 
            userCount += users
 
         except TypeError:
 
            # don't do anything
 
            pass
 
    print "total population = ", popCount
 
    print "total users      = ", userCount
 
 
</source>
 
</source>
 
<br />
 
<br />
* Try it!
 
* Use the same method to compute the total number of ISPs.
 
 
<br />
 
<br />
  

Revision as of 17:56, 7 April 2014

--D. Thiebaut (talk) 13:39, 7 April 2014 (EDT)



Exceptions


If you feel you have a good handle on exceptions, then move on to the next section. Otherwise do the exercises of this section.

TypeError Exceptions


The code section below will be our testbed for this part of the lab. You have to make it compute the different values we are interested in without using if/else/elif statements, using instead try/except statements.



# happiness.py
# Lab 10 demo

SWsFriends = [
    # name    pocket-money  debt
    ("Sleepy",  10,         "NA" ),
    ("Sneezy",  25.50,      0 ),
    ("Bashful", 0.50,       10.51 ),
    ( "Happy",  0,          0 ),
    ( "Grumpy", 0,          100.30 ),
    ( "Dopey",  "NA",       0 ),
    ( "Doc",    200,        0 ) ]

def main():
    for name, pocket, debt in SWsFriends:
        print( name, "has", pocket, "dollar(s) in his pocket, and owes",
                debt, "dollar(s)" )

main()



  • Run the program.
  • Notice that some amounts of money have "NA" as a value (Not Available).
  • Add a for-loop to your program that will add up the total amount of money Snow White's friends have in their pocket.

Do not anticipate errors. Just go for it! Assume there won't be errors and put all the code necessary to compute the sum of all the numbers in the 2nd column.

  • When you run your program the first time, you will get a TypeError because you cannot take the float( ) of the string "NA". Add a try/except clause around the addition, as illustrated below:


    try:
        sumPocket += pocket
    except TypeError:
        continue


  • Run your program again. Verify that you get the total sum in all the pockets (we assume that NA will be equivalent to 0).
total sum in all the pockets:  236.0


Challenge 1

QuestionMark1.jpg


  • Add a new loop that computes the total amount of debts held by the 7 friends.
  • Do not use if statements. Use a new try/except clause to protect your code from exceptions.






Challenge 2

QuestionMark3.jpg


  • Make your program print the contents of the list in 3 columns, as shown below:


    Sleepy         10         NA
    Sneezy       25.5          0
   Bashful        0.5      10.51
     Happy          0          0
    Grumpy          0      100.3
     Dopey         NA          0
       Doc        200          0



Printing an Error Message for the User

Other Exceptions


  • Imagine that now the list statistics is defined as shown below, and that for some countries the ISP value (the last one) is missing:


 
statistics = [['Afghanistan', 28710000, 'NA', 'NA', 1], ['Albania', 3580000,
                12000, 'NA', 10], ['Algeria', 32810000, 180000, 'NA'],
                ['Andorra', 69150, 24500, 'NA', 1], ['Angola', 10760000,
                60000, 'NA', 1], ['Anguilla', 12738, 919, 'NA', 16],
                ['Antigua_and_Barbuda', 67897, 5000, 'NA', 16], ['Argentina',
                38740000, 4650000, 'NA', 33], ['Armenia', 3320000, 30000, 'NA',
                9], ['Aruba', 70844, 24000, 'NA' ], ['Australia', 19730000,
                13010000, 9020000, 571], ['Austria', 8180000, 4650000,
                1300000, 37], ['Azerbaijan', 7830000, 25000, 'NA'],
                ['Bahrain', 667238, 140200, 'NA', 1], ['Bangladesh',
                138440000, 150000, 'NA', 10], ['Barbados', 277264, 6000, 'NA',
                19], ['Belarus', 10330000, 422000, 'NA', 23], ['Belgium',
                10280000, 4870000, 1600000, 61], ['Belize', 266440, 18000,
                'NA', 2], ['Benin', 7040000, 25000, 'NA', 4], ['Bhutan',
                2130000, 2500, 'NA', 'NA'], ['Bolivia', 8580000, 78000, 'NA', 9],
                ['Bosnia_and_Herzegovian', 3980000, 45000, 'NA', 3],
                ['Botswana', 1570000, 33000, 'NA', 11], ['Brazil', 182030000,
                22320000, 10860000, 50], ['Brunei', 358098, 35000, 'NA', 2],
                ['Bulgaria', 7530000, 1610000, 'NA', 200], ['Burkina_Faso', 
                13220000, 25000, 'NA'], ['Burma', 42510000, 10000, 'NA', 1],
                ['Burundi', 6090000, 6000, 'NA', 1], ['Cambodia', 13120000,
               10000, 'NA', 2], ['Cameroon', 15740000, 45000, 'NA', 1] ]


  • Write a program (or copy/paste part of the previous one) that will read the list above, and output the total population (which should be the same as before).
    • For this you should write your program as if all the country lists contained 5 quantities.
    • Then you run your program.
    • You observe that it crashes when it tries to extract the 5th quantity from a country list.
    • You note the name of the error generated (which is on the last line, and usually of the form XxxxError, such as IndexError, TypeError, NameError, ValueError, etc.)
    • Add a try/except statement around the code that generates the error (Python refers to a run-time error that creates a crash as an exception):


      try:
          country, pop, users, active, isp = someVariableOfYours
      except XxxxError:
          country, pop, users, active = someVariableOfYours


Run your program again and observe that it doesn't crash and that it reports the correct information.