Difference between revisions of "CSC111 Homework"

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==Your Assignment==
 
==Your Assignment==
−
* Your program for this assignment, which you should call hw7.py, should output the '''very same''' information as output by the program above, formatted exactly the same.  The only difference is that your program will use functions.   The incomplete code for your program is given below.  All you have to do is write the body parts of the different functions.
+
* Your assignment is to use the program below as a starting point.  You will call it hw7.py.
 +
* You cannot change any of the code below, except add statements inside the different functions.
 +
* You can figure out what the functions do because the main() function is complete, and is given to you in its entirety.
 +
* The only statements for you to add are '''inside''' the functions '''removeHeader( )''', '''presName()''', '''reworkDate()''', '''printPresidency()''', and '''printAll()'''.
 +
* You cannot modify '''main()'''.  It is complete and works fine.
 +
* You have to figure out what the functions do, and what they return.
 +
* The two programs, the one above, and yours, must perform the same work, and output the same information.
  
 
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Revision as of 21:57, 1 November 2011

--D. Thiebaut 22:30, 1 November 2011 (EDT)

This assignment is due on the evening of Nov. 8, at midnight.



Functions

  • Take the code below and make it a program. Run it and observe its output. 


presidents = \
"""Presidency ,President ,Wikipedia Entry,Took office ,Left office ,Party ,Portrait,Thumbnail,Home State
1,George Washington,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington,30/04/1789,4/03/1797,Independent ,GeorgeWashington.jpg,thmb_GeorgeWashington.jpg,Virginia
2,John Adams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams,4/03/1797,4/03/1801,Federalist ,JohnAdams.jpg,thmb_JohnAdams.jpg,Massachusetts
3,Thomas Jefferson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson,4/03/1801,4/03/1809,Democratic-Republican ,Thomasjefferson.gif,thmb_Thomasjefferson.gif,Virginia
4,James Madison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison,4/03/1809,4/03/1817,Democratic-Republican ,JamesMadison.gif,thmb_JamesMadison.gif,Virginia
5,James Monroe,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe,4/03/1817,4/03/1825,Democratic-Republican ,JamesMonroe.gif,thmb_JamesMonroe.gif,Virginia
6,John Quincy Adams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams,4/03/1825,4/03/1829,Democratic-Republican/National Republican ,JohnQuincyAdams.gif,thmb_JohnQuincyAdams.gif,Massachusetts
7,Andrew Jackson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson,4/03/1829,4/03/1837,Democratic ,Andrew_jackson_head.gif,thmb_Andrew_jackson_head.gif,Tennessee
8,Martin Van Buren,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren,4/03/1837,4/03/1841,Democratic ,MartinVanBuren.gif,thmb_MartinVanBuren.gif,New York
9,William Henry Harrison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison,4/03/1841,4/04/1841,Whig,WilliamHenryHarrison.gif,thmb_WilliamHenryHarrison.gif,Ohio
10,John Tyler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler,4/04/1841,4/03/1845,Whig,JohnTyler.jpg,thmb_JohnTyler.jpg,Virginia
11,James K. Polk,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk,4/03/1845,4/03/1849,Democratic ,JamesKPolk.gif,thmb_JamesKPolk.gif,Tennessee
12,Zachary Taylor,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor,4/03/1849,9/07/1850,Whig,ZacharyTaylor.jpg,thmb_ZacharyTaylor.jpg,Louisiana
13,Millard Fillmore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Fillmore,9/07/1850,4/03/1853,Whig,MillardFillmore.png,thmb_MillardFillmore.png,New York
14,Franklin Pierce,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce,4/03/1853,4/03/1857,Democratic ,FranklinPierce.gif,thmb_FranklinPierce.gif,New Hampshire
15,James Buchanan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan,4/03/1857,4/03/1861,Democratic ,JamesBuchanan.gif,thmb_JamesBuchanan.gif,Pennsylvania
16,Abraham Lincoln,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln,4/03/1861,15/04/1865,Republican/National Union,AbrahamLincoln.jpg,thmb_AbrahamLincoln.jpg,Illinois
17,Andrew Johnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson,15/04/1865,4/03/1869,Democratic/National Union,AndrewJohnson.gif,thmb_AndrewJohnson.gif,Tennessee
18,Ulysses S. Grant,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant,4/03/1869,4/03/1877,Republican ,UlyssesSGrant.gif,thmb_UlyssesSGrant.gif,Ohio
19,Rutherford B. Hayes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes,4/03/1877,4/03/1881,Republican ,RutherfordBHayes.png,thmb_RutherfordBHayes.png,Ohio
20,James A. Garfield,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield,4/03/1881,19/09/1881,Republican ,James_Garfield.jpg,thmb_James_Garfield.jpg,Ohio
21,Chester A. Arthur,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur,19/09/1881,4/03/1885,Republican ,ChesterAArthur.gif,thmb_ChesterAArthur.gif,New York
22,Grover Cleveland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland,4/03/1885,4/03/1889,Democratic ,Grover_Cleveland_2.jpg,thmb_Grover_Cleveland_2.jpg,New York
23,Benjamin Harrison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison,4/03/1889,4/03/1893,Republican ,BenjaminHarrison.gif,thmb_BenjaminHarrison.gif,Indiana
24,Grover Cleveland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland,4/03/1893,4/03/1897,Democratic ,Grover_Cleveland.jpg,thmb_Grover_Cleveland.jpg,New York
25,William McKinley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley,4/03/1897,14/9/1901,Republican ,WilliamMcKinley.gif,thmb_WilliamMcKinley.gif,Ohio
26,Theodore Roosevelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt,14/9/1901,4/3/1909,Republican ,TheodoreRoosevelt.jpg,thmb_TheodoreRoosevelt.jpg,New York
27,William Howard Taft,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft,4/3/1909,4/03/1913,Republican ,WilliamHowardTaft.jpg,thmb_WilliamHowardTaft.jpg,Ohio
28,Woodrow Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson,4/03/1913,4/03/1921,Democratic ,WoodrowWilson.gif,thmb_WoodrowWilson.gif,New Jersey
29,Warren G. Harding,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding,4/03/1921,2/8/1923,Republican ,WarrenGHarding.gif,thmb_WarrenGHarding.gif,Ohio
30,Calvin Coolidge,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge,2/8/1923,4/03/1929,Republican ,CoolidgeWHPortrait.gif,thmb_CoolidgeWHPortrait.gif,Massachusetts
31,Herbert Hoover,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover,4/03/1929,4/03/1933,Republican ,HerbertHover.gif,thmb_HerbertHover.gif,Iowa
32,Franklin D. Roosevelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt,4/03/1933,12/4/1945,Democratic,FranklinDRoosevelt.gif,thmb_FranklinDRoosevelt.gif,New York
33,Harry S. Truman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman,12/4/1945,20/01/1953,Democratic,HarryTruman.jpg,thmb_HarryTruman.jpg,Missouri
34,Dwight D. Eisenhower,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower,20/01/1953,20/01/1961,Republican ,Dwight_D_Eisenhower.jpg,thmb_Dwight_D_Eisenhower.jpg,Texas
35,John F. Kennedy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy,20/01/1961,22/11/1963,Democratic,John_F_Kennedy.jpg,thmb_John_F_Kennedy.jpg,Massachusetts
36,Lyndon B. Johnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson,22/11/1963,20/1/1969,Democratic,Lyndon_B_Johnson.gif,thmb_Lyndon_B_Johnson.gif,Texas
37,Richard Nixon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon,20/1/1969,9/8/1974,Republican,RichardNixon.gif,thmb_RichardNixon.gif,California
38,Gerald Ford,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford,9/8/1974,20/01/1977,Republican,Gerald_R_Ford.jpg,thmb_Gerald_R_Ford.jpg,Michigan
39,Jimmy Carter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter,20/01/1977,20/01/1981,Democratic ,James_E_Carter.gif,thmb_James_E_Carter.gif,Georgia
40,Ronald Reagan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan,20/01/1981,20/01/1989,Republican ,ReaganWH.jpg,thmb_ReaganWH.jpg,California
41,George H. W. Bush,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush,20/01/1989,20/01/1993,Republican ,George_H_W_Bush.gif,thmb_George_H_W_Bush.gif,Texas
42,Bill Clinton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton,20/01/1993,20/01/2001,Democratic ,Clinton.jpg,thmb_Clinton.jpg,Arkansas
43,George W. Bush,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush,20/01/2001,20/01/2009,Republican ,George_W_Bush.jpg,thmb_George_W_Bush.jpg,Texas
44,Barack Obama,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama,20/01/2009,Incumbent ,  Democratic   ,Barack_Obama.jpg,thmb_Barack_Obama.jpg,Illinois"""

monthsTable = [ "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" ]

def main():
    # get a list of individual lines, one president per line
    lines = presidents.split( '\n' )

    # remove the header
    header = lines[0]
    lines = lines[1:]

    # treat each president, one at a time
    for line in lines:
        # get the different fields
        presidency ,president ,wikipediaEntry, tookOffice ,leftOffice ,party ,portrait, thumbnail, homeState = line.split( ',' )

        # rework the president's name
        presidentWords = president.split( )
        name = presidentWords[-1] + ', ' + ' '.join( presidentWords[0:-1] )

        # replace numeric month by 3-letter month
        day, month, year1 = tookOffice.split( '/' )
        # remove leading 0 from month
        if month[0] == '0': 
              month = month[1]
        # transform it into an integer to use it as an index in monthsTable
        month = eval( month )

        # if month is 1, get monthsTable[0], which is "Jan".  Same for 2, get "Feb", etc.
        month = monthsTable[ month -1 ]

        # put back together tookOffice date
        tookOffice = " ".join( [ day, month, year1 ] )

        # same work with leftOffice, if not "Incumbent" 
        if leftOffice.strip() != "Incumbent":
            day, month, year2 = leftOffice.split( '/' )
            # remove leading 0 from month
            if month[0] == '0': month = month[1]
            # transform to a number that can be used as index in monthsTable
            month = eval( month )
            # if month is 1, get monthsTable[0], which is "Jan".  Same for 2, get "Feb", etc.
            month = monthsTable[ month -1 ]
            leftOffice = " ".join( [ day , month, year2 ] )

        
        # display selected information, nicely formatted
        print( "%2s" % presidency, end="" )
        if presidency in ['1', '21', '31', '41']:
            print( "st President: ", end="" )
        elif presidency in ['2', '22', '32', '42']:
            print( "nd President: ", end="" )
        elif presidency in ['3', '23', '33', '43']:
            print( "rd President: ", end="" )
        else:
            print( "th President: ", end="" )

        # president's name
        print( "%-30s" % (name+','), end="" )

        # took office...
        print( " took office on %11s" % tookOffice, sep="", end="" )

        # left office...
        if leftOffice.strip() == "Incumbent":
            print( ", incumbent" )
            continue

        print( ", left office on %11s" % leftOffice, ": ", eval( year2 )-eval( year1 ), "-year presidency.", sep="" )
        print()

        
main()


Your Assignment

  • Your assignment is to use the program below as a starting point. You will call it hw7.py.
  • You cannot change any of the code below, except add statements inside the different functions.
  • You can figure out what the functions do because the main() function is complete, and is given to you in its entirety.
  • The only statements for you to add are inside the functions removeHeader( ), presName(), reworkDate(), printPresidency(), and printAll().
  • You cannot modify main(). It is complete and works fine.
  • You have to figure out what the functions do, and what they return.
  • The two programs, the one above, and yours, must perform the same work, and output the same information.



presidents = \
"""Presidency ,President ,Wikipedia Entry,Took office ,Left office ,Party ,Portrait,Thumbnail,Home State
1,George Washington,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington,30/04/1789,4/03/1797,Independent ,GeorgeWashington.jpg,thmb_GeorgeWashington.jpg,Virginia
2,John Adams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Adams,4/03/1797,4/03/1801,Federalist ,JohnAdams.jpg,thmb_JohnAdams.jpg,Massachusetts
3,Thomas Jefferson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson,4/03/1801,4/03/1809,Democratic-Republican ,Thomasjefferson.gif,thmb_Thomasjefferson.gif,Virginia
4,James Madison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Madison,4/03/1809,4/03/1817,Democratic-Republican ,JamesMadison.gif,thmb_JamesMadison.gif,Virginia
5,James Monroe,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe,4/03/1817,4/03/1825,Democratic-Republican ,JamesMonroe.gif,thmb_JamesMonroe.gif,Virginia
6,John Quincy Adams,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams,4/03/1825,4/03/1829,Democratic-Republican/National Republican ,JohnQuincyAdams.gif,thmb_JohnQuincyAdams.gif,Massachusetts
7,Andrew Jackson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson,4/03/1829,4/03/1837,Democratic ,Andrew_jackson_head.gif,thmb_Andrew_jackson_head.gif,Tennessee
8,Martin Van Buren,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren,4/03/1837,4/03/1841,Democratic ,MartinVanBuren.gif,thmb_MartinVanBuren.gif,New York
9,William Henry Harrison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison,4/03/1841,4/04/1841,Whig,WilliamHenryHarrison.gif,thmb_WilliamHenryHarrison.gif,Ohio
10,John Tyler,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler,4/04/1841,4/03/1845,Whig,JohnTyler.jpg,thmb_JohnTyler.jpg,Virginia
11,James K. Polk,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_K._Polk,4/03/1845,4/03/1849,Democratic ,JamesKPolk.gif,thmb_JamesKPolk.gif,Tennessee
12,Zachary Taylor,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zachary_Taylor,4/03/1849,9/07/1850,Whig,ZacharyTaylor.jpg,thmb_ZacharyTaylor.jpg,Louisiana
13,Millard Fillmore,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_Fillmore,9/07/1850,4/03/1853,Whig,MillardFillmore.png,thmb_MillardFillmore.png,New York
14,Franklin Pierce,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_Pierce,4/03/1853,4/03/1857,Democratic ,FranklinPierce.gif,thmb_FranklinPierce.gif,New Hampshire
15,James Buchanan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Buchanan,4/03/1857,4/03/1861,Democratic ,JamesBuchanan.gif,thmb_JamesBuchanan.gif,Pennsylvania
16,Abraham Lincoln,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln,4/03/1861,15/04/1865,Republican/National Union,AbrahamLincoln.jpg,thmb_AbrahamLincoln.jpg,Illinois
17,Andrew Johnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Johnson,15/04/1865,4/03/1869,Democratic/National Union,AndrewJohnson.gif,thmb_AndrewJohnson.gif,Tennessee
18,Ulysses S. Grant,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant,4/03/1869,4/03/1877,Republican ,UlyssesSGrant.gif,thmb_UlyssesSGrant.gif,Ohio
19,Rutherford B. Hayes,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes,4/03/1877,4/03/1881,Republican ,RutherfordBHayes.png,thmb_RutherfordBHayes.png,Ohio
20,James A. Garfield,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_A._Garfield,4/03/1881,19/09/1881,Republican ,James_Garfield.jpg,thmb_James_Garfield.jpg,Ohio
21,Chester A. Arthur,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_A._Arthur,19/09/1881,4/03/1885,Republican ,ChesterAArthur.gif,thmb_ChesterAArthur.gif,New York
22,Grover Cleveland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland,4/03/1885,4/03/1889,Democratic ,Grover_Cleveland_2.jpg,thmb_Grover_Cleveland_2.jpg,New York
23,Benjamin Harrison,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison,4/03/1889,4/03/1893,Republican ,BenjaminHarrison.gif,thmb_BenjaminHarrison.gif,Indiana
24,Grover Cleveland,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover_Cleveland,4/03/1893,4/03/1897,Democratic ,Grover_Cleveland.jpg,thmb_Grover_Cleveland.jpg,New York
25,William McKinley,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_McKinley,4/03/1897,14/9/1901,Republican ,WilliamMcKinley.gif,thmb_WilliamMcKinley.gif,Ohio
26,Theodore Roosevelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt,14/9/1901,4/3/1909,Republican ,TheodoreRoosevelt.jpg,thmb_TheodoreRoosevelt.jpg,New York
27,William Howard Taft,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Howard_Taft,4/3/1909,4/03/1913,Republican ,WilliamHowardTaft.jpg,thmb_WilliamHowardTaft.jpg,Ohio
28,Woodrow Wilson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson,4/03/1913,4/03/1921,Democratic ,WoodrowWilson.gif,thmb_WoodrowWilson.gif,New Jersey
29,Warren G. Harding,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_G._Harding,4/03/1921,2/8/1923,Republican ,WarrenGHarding.gif,thmb_WarrenGHarding.gif,Ohio
30,Calvin Coolidge,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge,2/8/1923,4/03/1929,Republican ,CoolidgeWHPortrait.gif,thmb_CoolidgeWHPortrait.gif,Massachusetts
31,Herbert Hoover,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Hoover,4/03/1929,4/03/1933,Republican ,HerbertHover.gif,thmb_HerbertHover.gif,Iowa
32,Franklin D. Roosevelt,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt,4/03/1933,12/4/1945,Democratic,FranklinDRoosevelt.gif,thmb_FranklinDRoosevelt.gif,New York
33,Harry S. Truman,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_S._Truman,12/4/1945,20/01/1953,Democratic,HarryTruman.jpg,thmb_HarryTruman.jpg,Missouri
34,Dwight D. Eisenhower,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower,20/01/1953,20/01/1961,Republican ,Dwight_D_Eisenhower.jpg,thmb_Dwight_D_Eisenhower.jpg,Texas
35,John F. Kennedy,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy,20/01/1961,22/11/1963,Democratic,John_F_Kennedy.jpg,thmb_John_F_Kennedy.jpg,Massachusetts
36,Lyndon B. Johnson,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson,22/11/1963,20/1/1969,Democratic,Lyndon_B_Johnson.gif,thmb_Lyndon_B_Johnson.gif,Texas
37,Richard Nixon,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon,20/1/1969,9/8/1974,Republican,RichardNixon.gif,thmb_RichardNixon.gif,California
38,Gerald Ford,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford,9/8/1974,20/01/1977,Republican,Gerald_R_Ford.jpg,thmb_Gerald_R_Ford.jpg,Michigan
39,Jimmy Carter,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter,20/01/1977,20/01/1981,Democratic ,James_E_Carter.gif,thmb_James_E_Carter.gif,Georgia
40,Ronald Reagan,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan,20/01/1981,20/01/1989,Republican ,ReaganWH.jpg,thmb_ReaganWH.jpg,California
41,George H. W. Bush,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush,20/01/1989,20/01/1993,Republican ,George_H_W_Bush.gif,thmb_George_H_W_Bush.gif,Texas
42,Bill Clinton,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton,20/01/1993,20/01/2001,Democratic ,Clinton.jpg,thmb_Clinton.jpg,Arkansas
43,George W. Bush,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush,20/01/2001,20/01/2009,Republican ,George_W_Bush.jpg,thmb_George_W_Bush.jpg,Texas
44,Barack Obama,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama,20/01/2009,Incumbent ,  Democratic   ,Barack_Obama.jpg,thmb_Barack_Obama.jpg,Illinois"""

monthsTable = [ "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sep", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" ]


def removeHeader( lines ):
    ...

def presName( president ):
    ...

def reworkDate( date ):
    ...

def printPresidency( presidency ):
    ...

def printAll( presidency, name, tookOffice, leftOffice, year1, year2 ):
    ...


def main():
    # get a list of individual lines, one president per line
    lines = presidents.split( '\n' )

    # remove the header
    lines = removeHeader( lines )
    
    # treat each president, one at a time
    for line in lines:
        # get the different fields
        presidency ,president ,wikipediaEntry, tookOffice ,leftOffice ,party ,portrait, thumbnail, homeState = line.split( ',' )

        # rework the president's name

        name = presName( president )

        tookOffice, year1 = reworkDate( tookOffice )
    
        # same work with leftOffice, if not "Incumbent"
        year2 = 0
        if leftOffice.strip() != "Incumbent":
            leftOffice, year2 = reworkDate( leftOffice )
            

        printAll( presidency, name, tookOffice, leftOffice, year1, year2 )

        
main()




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