Difference between revisions of "CSC231 Lab 1 2014"

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(Creating a program from scratch)
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* Login to beowulf with your new 231a-xx account (see the [[CSC231_Lab_1#Troubleshooting |'''Troubleshooting''']] section at bottom of this page in case of trouble)
 
* Login to beowulf with your new 231a-xx account (see the [[CSC231_Lab_1#Troubleshooting |'''Troubleshooting''']] section at bottom of this page in case of trouble)
  
* Create a file called skel.asm in your account, and save the skeleton program in it.
+
* Create a file called '''skel.asm''' in your account, and save the skeleton program in it.  At the Linux prompt, type:
 +
 
 +
  emacs skel.asm
 +
 
 +
:Use the [[Emacs Quick Reference| Emacs Quick-Reference]] page for the most often used commands.
  
 
* Make a copy of [[CSC231_skel.asm | skel.asm]] and call it '''lab1.asm'''
 
* Make a copy of [[CSC231_skel.asm | skel.asm]] and call it '''lab1.asm'''
 +
 +
  cp skel.asm lab1.asm
  
 
* Add a string variable in your data section:
 
* Add a string variable in your data section:
Line 37: Line 43:
  
 
                
 
                
               mov    eax, WRITE
+
               mov    eax, 4
               mov    ebx, STDOUT
+
               mov    ebx, 1
 
               mov    ecx, msg      ; use the same name as the string in the data section
 
               mov    ecx, msg      ; use the same name as the string in the data section
 
               mov    edx, MSGLEN  ; # of chars in string
 
               mov    edx, MSGLEN  ; # of chars in string
Line 45: Line 51:
 
                
 
                
  
* Save your file
+
* Save your file by typing '''Control-X''', '''Control-C''' while in emacs.
 +
 
  
 
==Assembly and Linking steps==
 
==Assembly and Linking steps==
  
* Assemble your program
+
* You should be back at the Linux prompt.  Assemble your program
 
                
 
                
              nasm -f elf -F stabs lab1.asm
+
    nasm -f elf -F stabs lab1.asm
 
                
 
                
  
* Fix any errors you may get
+
* Fix any errors you may get by starting emacs again and figuring out where the error is.
  
 
* Link your program
 
* Link your program
  
              ld -melf_i386  -o lab1 lab1.o
+
    ld -melf_i386  -o lab1 lab1.o
  
You shouldn't get any errors at this stage.
+
:You shouldn't get any errors at this stage.
  
 
==Execution==
 
==Execution==
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* Run your program:
 
* Run your program:
  
              ./lab1
+
    ./lab1
 
                
 
                
 +
:It should run and display the string. 
  
 
==Playing around with the program==
 
==Playing around with the program==
  
* Make your program output look like this:
+
* Modify the msg string to make it look like this:
  
                    Welcome to CSC231
+
              msg    db    10, 10, "Welcome", 10, "to", 10, "csc231", 10, 10
                    Home of the Assembly Language
+
              MSGLEN  equ    $-msg
 +
 
 +
* Reassemble, link and run the new version of your program.
 +
 
 +
* Something different.  Modify your program once more, as shown below:
 +
 
 +
              msg    db    10, 10
 +
                        db    "Welcome", 10
 +
                        db    "to", 10, "csc231"
 +
                        db    10
 +
                        db    10
 +
              MSGLEN  equ    $-msg
 +
 
 +
* Reassemble, link and run the new version of your program.
  
 
                
 
                
  
* If your first solution uses two strings, modify your program so that it uses only 1 string.  If your first solution uses one string, modify your program so that it uses two.
+
{| style="width:100%; background:silver"
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
== Mini Challenge of the Day ==
 +
|}
 +
[[Image:QuestionMark3.jpg|right|120px]]
 +
 
  
 
* Modify your program so that its output looks like this:
 
* Modify your program so that its output looks like this:

Revision as of 09:09, 10 September 2012

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This lab is the first lab of this course. It will get you started with the process of assembling, linking, and running assembly programs for the Intel processor.


Creating a program from scratch

  • Find the skeleton program on the class Web page (or open it here)
  • Login to beowulf with your new 231a-xx account (see the Troubleshooting section at bottom of this page in case of trouble)
  • Create a file called skel.asm in your account, and save the skeleton program in it. At the Linux prompt, type:
  emacs skel.asm
Use the Emacs Quick-Reference page for the most often used commands.
  • Make a copy of skel.asm and call it lab1.asm
  cp skel.asm lab1.asm
  • Add a string variable in your data section:
             msg     db     "Welcome to csc231", 10
             MSGLEN  equ    $-msg


  • Add some code to output the string in the text (code) section


             mov    eax, 4
             mov    ebx, 1
             mov    ecx, msg      ; use the same name as the string in the data section
             mov    edx, MSGLEN   ; # of chars in string
             int    0x80


  • Save your file by typing Control-X, Control-C while in emacs.


Assembly and Linking steps

  • You should be back at the Linux prompt. Assemble your program
    nasm -f elf -F stabs lab1.asm
             
  • Fix any errors you may get by starting emacs again and figuring out where the error is.
  • Link your program
    ld -melf_i386  -o lab1 lab1.o
You shouldn't get any errors at this stage.

Execution

  • Run your program:
   ./lab1
             
It should run and display the string.

Playing around with the program

  • Modify the msg string to make it look like this:
             msg     db     10, 10, "Welcome", 10, "to", 10, "csc231", 10, 10
             MSGLEN  equ    $-msg
  • Reassemble, link and run the new version of your program.
  • Something different. Modify your program once more, as shown below:
             msg     db     10, 10
                        db     "Welcome", 10
                        db     "to", 10, "csc231"
                        db     10
                        db     10
             MSGLEN  equ    $-msg
  • Reassemble, link and run the new version of your program.


Mini Challenge of the Day

QuestionMark3.jpg


  • Modify your program so that its output looks like this:
                    *********************************
                    * Welcome to CSC231             *
                    * Home of the Assembly Language *
                    *********************************


The lines of stars contain 33 *-characters. Each line is thus 34-character long (to account for the line-feed character). Can you find a solution where the number of characters in your data section is not 4 x 34 = 136 characters, but 3 x 34 = 102, instead?

Test it out!

Troubleshooting

It is possible that if you are using ssh to connect to Beowulf the first time, and if you are using a Mac, you get a message of this form:

ssh 231a-xx@beowulf.csc.smith.edu
==================================================
   WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     
==================================================
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!
Someone could be eavesdropping on you right now (man-in-the-middle attack)!
It is also possible that the RSA host key has just been changed.
The fingerprint for the RSA key sent by the remote host is
bf:db:14:e6:a4:e0:f3:3d:d8:87:35:66:a9:35:68:fb.
Please contact your system administrator.
Add correct host key in /Users/alex/.ssh/known_hosts to get rid of this message. 
Offending key in /Users/xxxxx/.ssh/known_hosts:1
RSA host key for beowulf.csc.smith.edu has changed and you have requested strict checking. 
Host key verification failed.

In this case, use the editor of your choice and edit the file ~/.ssh/known_hosts and remove the lines that contains the word beowulf. Be careful, the lines are very long and wrap around to form blocks of 4 or 5 lines on your screen, so deleting one line will require a big block to disappear. Bold text