CSC111 Lab 5 2015

--D. Thiebaut (talk) 12:17, 22 February 2015 (EST)

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Preparation

• Copy paste the program below in a new Idle window, and call it lab5Companion.py.
• Save your new program to your working directory, where you normally save your lab programs.
• Run the program. It should create 3 text files in your folder. You will be using them in this lab. The files are called:
  • chocoQuotes.txt
  • hargitay.txt
  • joanneHarris.txt

# lab5Companion.py
# D. Thiebaut
# This program will create several files in the directory
# where you will run it.
# The files are retrieved from a Web server, stored temporarily
# in a string, and stored in a local file on your disk.
# The 3 files are very, very short.
# Their names are:
# - chocoQuotes.txt
# - hargitay.txt
# - joanneHarris.txt

import urllib.request  # the lib that handles the url stuff

# main program
def main():

    # list of files to retrieve 
    fileNames = [ "chocoQuotes.txt", "hargitay.txt", "joanneHarris.txt" ]

    # get each file, one at a time
    for fileName in fileNames:

        # url where the files are located
        url = "http://cs.smith.edu/~dthiebaut/111/files/" + fileName

        # fetch the file and put its contents in the
        # strign text.
        response = urllib.request.urlopen( url )
        text     = response.read().decode( 'UTF-8' )
        
        # write text to file, in the same directory as this program.
        file     = open( fileName, "w" )
        file.write( text + "\n" )
        file.close()

        # give feedback to user.
        print( "File {0:1} created in your folder".format( fileName ) )


main()

Splitting Long Strings

In this section you will see how to take text represented as a multi-line string, and process it various ways.

• Long strings that span several lines can be created by enclosing them in triple quotes; either triple single-quotes (), or triple double-quotes (""").
• Copy/paste the program below in a new program. You may call it lab5.py

# lab5.py

text = """Chocolate
Chocolate is the first luxury.
It has so many things wrapped up in it:
Deliciusness in the moment,
childhood memories,
and that grin-inducing
feeling of getting a reward for being good.
--Mariska Hargitay"""

def main():
    # make sure main knows that this variable exists
    global text
    
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    # print each line
    for line in lines:
        print( line )

main()

• Run the program. Verify that it outputs the entirety of the text.
• Just to make sure we understand what the variable lines contain, make your program print lines, with a simple print( lines ) statement.
• Observe that it's just a regular Python list.

Challenge #1

• Modify your program, and make it print the poem so that each line is centered in a field of 60 spaces. You must use the text variable, and print its line. Do not create a new version of the poem!
• Expected output

                         Chocolate                          
               Chocolate is the first luxury.               
          It has so many things wrapped up in it:           
                Deliciusness in the moment,                 
                    childhood memories,                     
                   and that grin-inducing                   
        feeling of getting a reward for being good.         
                     --Mariska Hargitay

Challenge #2

• Make your program print the first line of the poem, centered, but also in uppercase.
• Make it display the other lines centered, without changing their case.
• Expected output

                         CHOCOLATE                          
               Chocolate is the first luxury.               
          It has so many things wrapped up in it:           
                Deliciusness in the moment,                 
                    childhood memories,                     
                   and that grin-inducing                   
        feeling of getting a reward for being good.         
                     --Mariska Hargitay

Challenge #3

• One more modification. Now make your program print the last line right-justified in a field of 60 spaces.
• The first line is still in upper-case.
• Make it display the other lines centered, without changing their case.
• Expected output

                         CHOCOLATE                          
               Chocolate is the first luxury.               
          It has so many things wrapped up in it:           
                Deliciusness in the moment,                 
                    childhood memories,                     
                   and that grin-inducing                   
        feeling of getting a reward for being good.         
                                          --Mariska Hargitay

Challenge #4

• Make your program print the poem in a box. The top and bottom lines have 50 dashes in them.
• Expected output

+--------------------------------------------------+
|                    CHOCOLATE                     |
|          Chocolate is the first luxury.          |
|     It has so many things wrapped up in it:      |
|           Deliciusness in the moment,            |
|               childhood memories,                |
|              and that grin-inducing              |
|   feeling of getting a reward for being good.    |
|                                --Mariska Hargitay|
+--------------------------------------------------+

Reading Text From File

• Open Finder or Windows Explorer and go to the folder that contains your lab5.py program, as well as your lab5Companion.py programs. Make sure the folder contains the 3 text files you created earlier.
• Open the file name hargitay.txt. Verify that it contains the same poem we have been playing with.
• Either create a new program or add a new main() function to your existing program (rename the original main, main2(), maybe?), and put the code below in the new function:

def main():
    fileName = "hargitay.txt"
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    lines = file.readlines()
    file.close()

    for line in lines:
        print( line )

• Run the program. Observe its output.
• The reason for the double-spacing is that each line read from the file contains a '\n' at the end of it. And when you print such a line, the print() function adds its own \n at the end. This is why you get a blank line in between lines.
• One way to remove the '\n' at the end of each line is to print the line as follows: print( line.rstrip() ). The rstrip() method right-strips the string of all white-space characters, which include spaces, tabs, and '\n'-characters.

Challenge #5

• Make your program get the name of the file from the user, with an input() statement.
• Then, make your program output the contents of the file in a box, as you did in Challenge 4.
• Test your program by providing it with different file names:
  • hargitay.txt
  • joanneHarris.txt
  • chocoQuotes.txt
• Adjust the width of the box if necessary.

Challenge #6

• Exact same challenge as Challenge 5, but this time start with this program, where I have replaced the .readlines() method with .read().

def main():
    fileName = input( "File name? " )
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    text = file.read()
    file.close()

    print( "The type of text is", type( text ) )
    print( "text = ", text )

Note

when Python says that something is of type <class 'str'>, it means that it is a string.

Writing Text to File

• Try this new version of main:

def main():
    fileName = "hargitay.txt"
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    text = file.read()
    file.close()
    
    text = text.replace( "chocolate", "carrot" )
    text = text.replace( "Chocolate", "Carrot" )

    file = open( fileName, "w" )
    file.write( text + "\n" )
    file.close()

• Open Finder or Windows Explorer, and take a look at the file "hargitay.txt", either with TextEdit or with Notepad. See anything different?
• BTW, You can recreate the original file by running the lab5Companion.py program again.

Challenge #7

• Modify the program so that it prompts the user for
  • The name of the file to read from and write to, and
  • a word

and make the program read the file, replace the word chocolate in it with the word the user picked, and save the resulting text back to the file.

• Verify that your program works correctly and modifies the file you select and replaces chocolate with the word you choose.

Moodle Submission

Submit your solution program for Challenge #7 to Moodle, in the Lab 5 PB 7 section.

Functions

Preparation

• Try the following statements in the Python console:

>>> def test():
	print( "hello" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()


>>> def test():
	print( "hello", end="" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()

>>> def test():
	print( "hello", end="-" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()
>>>

Notice what happens when you add the end="" construct in the print statement. It changes the way the print() function ends printing what it has to print. By default, if you do not have an end="" construct, print() brings the cursor to the next line. But this behavior can be changed. We are going to use this, in the new program below.

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 1

• This section will be cleaner if you start a new program, rather than add to an existing program.
• Add this code section to your new program:

def head():
    print( "  o" )

def leftArm():
    print( " /", end="" )

def torso():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm():
    print( "\\" )

def leftLeg():
    print( " /", end="" )

def rightLeg():
    print( " \\" )

def stickFigure():
    head()
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def main():
    stickFigure()

main()

• Take a close look at the program. Locate the end="" construct, which prevents the print from going to the next line when it's done.
• Notice also the "\\" string. Because the '\' character is used to print special characters, like '\n' (new line), or '\t' (tab), if we want to print a regular backslash character, we have to use 2 backslashes next to each other.

• Run the program. Notice how it displays a stick figure.

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 2

• Modify the stick figure program so that it looks like the code below:

def head():
    print( "  o" )

def leftArm():
    print( " /", end="" )

def torso():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm():
    print( "\\" )

def leftLeg():
    print( " /", end="" )

def rightLeg():
    print( " \\" )

def body():
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()

def newStickFigure():
    head()
    body()
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def main():
    newStickFigure()

main()

• Observe how the code is different, and the new function body() is used to display the body of the stick figure (torso plus arms).
• Using the example of body(), add a new function called legs() that will call leftLeg() and rightLeg() to draw both legs. Modify newStickFigure() by removing the calls to leftLeg() and rightLeg(), and adding instead a call to legs(). Your new function should look something like this:

def newStickFigure():
    head()
    body()
    legs()

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 3

• Use the same approach to create this stick figure with a sword:

 /+=====>
 \O___
  |
  |
 / \
/   \

• Try to organize your functions similarly to the way I did. Below is my stickFigure1() function. Figure out the missing pieces! Note: I added a '1' suffix to all the function names to differentiate them from the functions used for the other version of the stick-figure.

def stickFigure1():
    leftForearm1()
    sword1()
    leftArm1()
    head1()
    rightArm1()
    body1()
    leftThigh1()
    rightThigh1()
    leftCalf1()
    rightCalf1()

Happy Birthday!

• Start with these three new functions:

def happyBirthday():
    print( "Happy birthday to you!" )

def happyBirthdayDear( name ):
    print( ("Happy birthday, dear " + name +"!" ) )

• Write a third function called singSong() that calls the two functions above. When calling happyBirthdayDear( ... ), pass it some name, say yours, or "Dave", or one of your friends. You should get this kind of output:

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Dave!

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