--D. Thiebaut (talk) 12:17, 22 February 2015 (EST)

This lab deals with functions, passing parameters, and returning values. It is also about for you to start the Python.org documentation on the Web. The online documentation is a great help when writing programs. The Moodle submissions are due on Friday 10/08 at 11:55 p.m.

Searching the Python.org Docs

Open your Web browser and go to http://python.org
Click on Documentation, then on Python 3.x Docs.
In the Search Bar on the left, enter string methods.
Locate the result that contains Built-In Types, and go to that page. Locate the string methods there... (Hints: 4.7.1)
Look at all the different methods that strings offer you.
You're ready for the lab!

Functions

Working with Functions in the Console

This sections serves as a review for the end="..." optional parameter in print statements.
Try the following statements in the Python console:

>>> def test():
	print( "hello" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()


>>> def test():
	print( "hello", end="" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()

>>> def test():
	print( "hello", end="-" )
	print( "there" )

	
>>> test()
>>>

Notice what happens when you add the end="" construct in the print statement. It changes the way the print() function ends printing what it has to print. By default, if you do not have an end="" construct, print() brings the cursor to the next line. But this behavior can be changed. We are going to use this, in the new program below.

Teller Machine with Functions

Without looking at your notes, (but if you get stuck, it's ok to look up your notes or the class notes on the Web), try to recreate the teller machine program.

Start with the main program, have it call a function to get the amount (you can call it getAmount()), then it calls a function (say divideInBills()), that receives the amount, breaks it into 4 numbers, and returns a list of 4 numbers to main. And finally, at the end of main(), a function (say, displayResults()) is passed the list of 4 numbers and prints them in a nicely formatted output.

Challenge #1

Instead of having the function getAmount() return 4 numbers, like this:

     no20s, no10s, no5s, no1s = divideInBills( amount )

create a new function called breakDown( ... ) that gets the amount and a value, and returns the number of bills of that value, and the new amount:

    amount, no20s = breakDown( amount, 20 )
    amount, no10s = breakDown( amount, 10 )
    amount, no5s = breakDown( amount, 5 )
    amount, no1s = breakDown( amount, 1 )  # you might find a simpler way to write this!

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 1

This section will be cleaner if you start a new program, rather than add to an existing program.
Add this code section to your new program:

def head():
    print( "  o" )

def leftArm():
    print( " /", end="" )

def torso():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm():
    print( "\\" )

def leftLeg():
    print( " /", end="" )

def rightLeg():
    print( " \\" )

def stickFigure():
    head()
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def main():
    stickFigure()

main()

Take a close look at the program. Locate the end="" construct, which prevents the print from going to the next line when it's done.
Notice also the "\\" string. Because the '\' character is used to print special characters, like '\n' (new line), or '\t' (tab), if we want to print a regular backslash character, we have to use 2 backslashes next to each other.

Run the program. Notice how it displays a stick figure.

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 2

Modify the stick figure program so that it looks like the code below:

def head():
    print( "  o" )

def leftArm():
    print( " /", end="" )

def torso():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm():
    print( "\\" )

def leftLeg():
    print( " /", end="" )

def rightLeg():
    print( " \\" )

def body():
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()

def newStickFigure():
    head()
    body()
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def main():
    newStickFigure()

main()

Observe how the code is different, and the new function body() is used to display the body of the stick figure (torso plus arms).
Using the example of body(), add a new function called legs() that will call leftLeg() and rightLeg() to draw both legs. Modify newStickFigure() by removing the calls to leftLeg() and rightLeg(), and adding instead a call to legs(). Your new function should look something like this:

def newStickFigure():
    head()
    body()
    legs()

Trimming DNA

Assume that we have a string containing the description of a DNA sequence, say "AAGACTAAAAAAGACTT." (DNA sequences are made of 4 symbols: A, C, G, and T.) Assume we know that "AGA" is a special marker in our DNA strings. So our string is marked in this way: "AAGACTAAAAAAGACTT."

Write a function called trimDNA( ) that receives the original DNA string as a parameter, and returns the string where everything on the left and right of the markers has been removed. We assume that the string will always contain two markers.

Example:

def main():
     DNA = "AAGACTAAAAAAGACTT"
     newDNA = trimDNA( DNA )
     print( newDNA )

The output would be

 AGACTAAAAAAGA

Testing

Make sure your function works strings of the type AAGAAGACTT, or AGATTTTAGA.

Happy Birthday!

Start with these three new functions:

def happyBirthday():
    print( "Happy birthday to you!" )

def happyBirthdayDear( name ):
    print( ("Happy birthday, dear " + name +"!" ) )

Write a third function called singSong() that calls the two functions above. When calling happyBirthdayDear( ... ), pass it some name, say yours, or "Dave", or one of your friends. You should get this kind of output:

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Dave!

Modify singSong() so that it displays a more appropriate version on the song:

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Dave!
Happy birthday to you!

Passing the Name as a Parameter

Modify your singSong( ) function one more time. I'm highlighting the lines that should change in your function:

def singSong( name ):
     ...
     ...
     happyBirthdayDear( name )
     ...

Now, make your program sing "Happy Birthday" to Dave, Karl, Jorge, and Tim!

Challenge #2

Make your program prompt the user for a name in the main() function.
Then main() will pass the name to singSong(), and your program will sing Happy Birthday to the person of your choice.

Challenge #3

Modify your solution program for Challenge 8 so that the user can enter several names on one line when prompted by your program. Your program then "sings" happy birthday to all the friends, one after the other...

Example:

Please enter the names of your friends: Jorge Karl Dave

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Jorge!
Happy birthday to you!

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Karl!
Happy birthday to you!

Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday to you!
Happy birthday, dear Dave!
Happy birthday to you!

Moodle Submission

Submit your solution program for Challenge 2 to Moodle, in Section LAB 5 PB 2. You will need to rename your program lab5_2.py.

Solution Programs

# Solution program for Lab #5
# All solutions to the challenges are stored in functions named challengex(),
# where x is 1, 2, 3, etc.
#

text = """Chocolate
Chocolate is the first luxury.
It has so many things wrapped up in it:
Deliciousness in the moment,
childhood memories,
and that grin-inducing
feeling of getting a reward for being good.
--Mariska Hargitay"""

def makeTextFile():
    file = open("hargitay.txt","w" )
    file.write( text )
    file.close()


def bar():
    print()
    print( "-"*80 )

def program0():
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    # print each line
    for line in lines:
        print( line )

def challenge1():
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    # print each line
    for line in lines:
        print( line.center( 60 ) )

def challenge2():
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    # print title
    print( lines[0].upper().center( 60 ) )
    
    # print each line
    for line in lines[1: ]:
        print( line.center( 60 ) )


def challenge3():
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    # get first and last line
    title = lines[0]
    lastLine = lines[-1]

    # get first line and print it
    print( title.upper().center( 60 ) )
    print()
    
    # print poem, between title and last line
    for line in lines[1:-1]:
        print( line )

    # print last line right-justified
    print( lastLine.rjust( 60 ) )


def challenge4():
    # split the long string into individual lines
    lines = text.split( "\n" )

    bar = "+" + "-"*50 + "+"

    # get first line and print it
    print( bar )
    print( "|" + lines[0].upper().center( 50 ) + "|" )
    
    # print each line
    for line in lines[1:-1]:
        print( "|" + line.center(50) + "|" )
    print( "|" + lines[-1].rjust(50) + "|" )
    print( bar )


def challenge5():
    # open the file and read the lines in
    fileName = "hargitay.txt"
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    lines = file.readlines()
    file.close()

    # create a bar for the top and bottom of box
    bar = "+" + "-"*50 + "+"

    # get first line and print it
    print( bar )
    print( "|" + lines[0].upper().center( 50 ) + "|" )
    
    # print each line
    for line in lines[1:-1]:
        print( "|" + line.center(50) + "|" )
    print( "|" + lines[-1].rjust(50) + "|" )
    print( bar )

def challenge6():
    # open the file and read the lines in
    fileName = "hargitay.txt"
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    text = file.read()
    lines = text.split( "\n" )
    file.close()

    # create a bar for the top and bottom of box
    bar = "+" + "-"*50 + "+"

    # get first line and print it
    print( bar )
    print( "|" + lines[0].upper().center( 50 ) + "|" )
    
    # print each line
    for line in lines[1:-1]:
        print( "|" + line.center(50) + "|" )
    print( "|" + lines[-1].rjust(50) + "|" )
    print( bar )


def challenge7():
    # get the user input
    fileName = input( "File name? " )
    word     = input( "Word to swap in? " )
    
    # open the file and read the lines in
    file = open( fileName, "r" )
    text = file.read()
    file.close()

    # replace chocolate by word before we split the text
    text = text.replace( "Chocolate", word.capitalize() )
    text = text.replace( "chocolate", word.lower() )
    text = text.replace( "CHOCOLATE", word.upper() )

    file = open( fileName, "w" )
    file.write( text )
    file.close()

  


# --------------------- stickFigure -----------------------

def head():
    print( "  o" )

def leftArm():
    print( " /", end="" )

def torso():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm():
    print( "\\" )

def leftLeg():
    print( " /", end="" )

def rightLeg():
    print( " \\" )

def stickFigure():
    head()
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def body():
    leftArm()
    torso()
    rightArm()

def legs():
    leftLeg()
    rightLeg()

def newStickFigure():
    head()
    body()
    legs()

# --------------------- stickFigure1 ----------------------

def leftForearm1():
    print( " /", end="" )

def sword1():
    print( "+=====>" )

def leftArm1():
    print( " \\", end="" )

def head1():
    print( "O", end="" )

def rightArm1():
    print( "___" )

def body1():
    print( "  |" )
    print( "  |" )

def leftThigh1():
    print( " / ", end="" )

def rightThigh1():
    print( "\\" )

def leftCalf1():
    print( "/   ", end ="" )

def rightCalf1():
    print( "\\" )

def stickFigure1():
    leftForearm1()
    sword1()
    leftArm1()
    head1()
    rightArm1()
    body1()
    leftThigh1()
    rightThigh1()
    leftCalf1()
    rightCalf1()


# ---------------------------------------------------------


def happyBirthday():
    print( "Happy birthday to you!" )

def happyBirthdayDear( name ):
    print( "Happy birthday, dear " + name +"!"  )

def singSong( name ):
    happyBirthday()
    happyBirthday()
    happyBirthdayDear( name )
    happyBirthday()


def challenge8( ):
    # get the name from the user
    name = input( "Who's birthday should we celebrate? " )

    # sing the song for that person
    singSong( name )

# challenge 9
def happyBirthday():
    print( "Happy birthday to you!" )

def happyBirthdayDear( name ):
    print( "Happy birthday, dear " + name +"!"  )

def singSong( name ):
    happyBirthday()
    happyBirthday()
    happyBirthdayDear( name )
    happyBirthday()

def challenge9( ):
    # get a line of names, separated by spaces
    line = input( "? " )

    # remove extra spaces at the front or back
    line = line.strip()

    # split the line into individual names, and sing song for each
    for name in line.split( " " ):
        singSong( name )
        # blank line separates the different songs
        print()


def bar():
    print( "\n" + ( "-"*30 ) + "oOo" + ("-"*30 ) +"\n" )

    
def main():
    
    challenge1()
    bar()
    challenge2()
    bar()
    challenge3()
    bar()
    challenge4()
    bar()
    challenge5()
    bar()
    challenge6()
    bar()
    challenge7()
    bar()
    challenge8()
    bar()
    challenge9()
    bar()
  
    
main()

</showafterdate>

...

CSC111 Lab 5 2015b

Contents

Searching the Python.org Docs

Functions

Working with Functions in the Console

Teller Machine with Functions

Challenge #1

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 1

Functions and Stick Figure, Version 2

Trimming DNA

Testing

Happy Birthday!

Passing the Name as a Parameter

Challenge #2

Challenge #3

Moodle Submission

Solution Programs

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