Difference between revisions of "IBook How Computers Work"

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--[[User:Thiebaut|D. Thiebaut]] 16:05, 18 January 2013 (EST)
 
--[[User:Thiebaut|D. Thiebaut]] 16:05, 18 January 2013 (EST)
 
----
 
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=Using Licenced material=
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* http://libguides.smith.edu/blended-learning
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* http://images.apple.com/support/itunes_u/docs/iTunes_U_Copyright_Overview.pdf
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=iBook reference=
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* http://cs.smith.edu/dftwiki/index.php/CSC103:_DT%27s_Notes_1
  
 
=Table of Contents=
 
=Table of Contents=
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** Mechanical calculators  
 
** Mechanical calculators  
 
*** Addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisions...
 
*** Addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisions...
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* Several factors: electrical energy, switches, ON/OFF, binary,  number systems, math, boolean logic, Shannon ==> Computer
 
** Electricity
 
** Electricity
 
*** properties: easy storage, easy distribution, easy generation, fast, easy control
 
*** properties: easy storage, easy distribution, easy generation, fast, easy control
Line 18: Line 26:
 
** Shannon: Combining Logic and arithmetic
 
** Shannon: Combining Logic and arithmetic
 
** From the transistor to logic gates
 
** From the transistor to logic gates
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* Logic Design
 
** Logic gate simulator
 
** Logic gate simulator
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* Assembly Language
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** Simulator
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** Performance
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** Bottleneck
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* Von Neumann Architecture
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** The architecture
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** Computer Architecture: how to bypass the bottleneck
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* Example of a High Level Language: Processing
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* From Moore's Law to the Singularity.
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=Style=
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{|
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[[Image:PythonCayHorstmann.png|150px|right]]
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* Use  ''Python for Everyone'' by Cay Horstmann as a good example of clear style.  Full chapter is available [http://cs.smith.edu/dftwiki/images/Horstmann_PfE_ch_4.pdf here].
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|}
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<br />
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=Images=
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{|
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[[Image:AntikytheraMecanism.png|300px]]
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Antikythera Mechanism, photo taken by Tilemahos Efthimiadis, National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece., taken from commons.wikimedia.org, July 28 2014.  Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[Image:SteamBoyDT.png|300px]]
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Steamboy.  D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[Image:iceCreamCup3Balls.png|300px]]
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Ice Cream. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[Image:ANDORGatesWithSwitches.png|300px]]
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AND OR gates with switches.  D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:LogicGatesAndOrNot.png|300px]]
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Inverter, And, and Or gates.  D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:ICAndGate.jpg|300px]]
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Integrated Circuit, AND gate.  D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:conversation.jpg|300px]]
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Daniel Coy, "Conversation", online image, https://flic.kr/p/7mWZpb,  Captured July 2014.
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[[File:AANDNOTb.png| 300px]]
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A and Not B, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:2-bitAdderGates.png| 300px]]
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2-Bit Adder, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:scale.gif]]
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Animated Scale, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:NandFlipFlop1.png | 300px]]
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Nand Flipflop 1, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:NandFlipFlop2.png | 300px]]
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Nand Flipflop 2, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[Image:CalculatorCreativeCommons.png|300px]]
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Ilnanny, "Calculator", online image, [http://openclipart.org/image/800px/svg_to_png/170371/1338745223.png openclipart.org/image/800px/svg_to_png/170371/1338745223.png], captured Aug. 1st, 2014.
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[[Image:PrintedCircuitBoard.jpg|300px]]
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Barney Livingston, "BBC B - PCB, CPU removed," online image, [https://farm1.staticflickr.com/83/235291503_080d9656a8_o_d.jpg farm1.staticflickr.com/83/235291503_080d9656a8_o_d.jpg], captured Aug. 1st, 2014.
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[[File:CookieMonsterPacMan.png|300px]]
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Cookie Monster, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:ProcessorVsMemorySpeed.png|300px]]
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Data taken from Hennessy & Patterson, ''Computer Architecture, A Quantitative Approach,'' 5th Ed., Morgan Kauffman Pub., 2011. ([[Media:ProcessorVsMemorySpeed.xlsx.zip|spreadsheet]])
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[[File:CSC103WolframAlpha1billionSeconds.jpg|300px]]
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Wolfram Alpha LLC. 2010. Wolfram|Alpha. http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1000000000+seconds (access August 5, 2014).
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[[Image:JohnVonNeumann.jpg|300px]]
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Wikispaces, online image, [http://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/John+von+Neumann http://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/John+von+Neumann], Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license, captured on 8/5/2014.
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[[Image:MulticorePerformanceDrop.png|300px]]
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Performance Drop with Multicores, D. Thiebaut,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[Image:WaterLilyCC0.jpg|300px]]
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Irene Wirsing, Water Lily Pond Pink Sunlight Tar Water, online image, [http://pixabay.com/en/water-lily-pond-pink-sunlight-tar-338144/ http://pixabay.com/en/water-lily-pond-pink-sunlight-tar-338144/], captured Aug. 5, 2014, released under the [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons 0].
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[[File:CSC103 ExponentialGrowth1.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:CSC103 ExponentialGrowth2.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (2),  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:CSC103 ExponentialGrowth3.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (3),  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:CSC103 ExponentialGrowth4.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (4),  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:HockeyStickAndHelmet.png| 300px]]
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OpenClips, Hockey Ice Hockey Puck Hockey Stick Game Helmet, online image, [http://pixabay.com/en/hockey-ice-hockey-puck-hockey-stick-155989/ http://pixabay.com/en/hockey-ice-hockey-puck-hockey-stick-155989/], captured Aug. 5, 2014.
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[[File:LogarithmicScale1.jpg| 300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:LogarithmicScale2.jpg | 300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle (2),  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:CSC103_ExponentialGrowthLogarithmicScale.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle Exponential Growth,  2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:GordonMooreCC2.png| 300px]]
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Intel Free Press, Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce at Intel in 1970, cropped, online image, [https://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/8429166752/in/photostream/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/8429166752/in/photostream/],  Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Attribution 2.0 Generic] license.
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[[File:MooresLaw.png|300px]]
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shigeru23, Moore's Law 1970-2011, online image, [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moores_law_(1970-2011).PNG http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moores_law_(1970-2011).PNG], Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported] license.
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[[File:ProcessingLogoClipped.png| 300px]]
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Woodmath, Processing Logo Clipped, online image, [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Processing_Logo_Clipped.svg http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Processing_Logo_Clipped.svg], captured Aug. 5, 2014, Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported] license.
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[[File:ProcessingDotOrgGeneralArchitecture.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Processing's General Architecture,  Released under  the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commons Creative Commons] [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported] license.
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[[File:ProcessingIDE1.png| 300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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[[File:ProcessingIDE2.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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[[File:ProcessingEllipses1.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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[[File:ProcessingRectSyntax.png|300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting a Processing Reference page.  Processing is a creation by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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[[File:PickColorGreenYellowRGB.png| 300px]]
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RGB to Color Name Mapping (Triplet and Hex), online image, [http://web.njit.edu/~walsh/rgb.html  http://web.njit.edu/~walsh/rgb.html], copyright 2010 by Kevin J. Walsh.
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[[File:ProcessingFileExamples.png| 300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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[[File:ProcessingFileExamples2.png| 300px]]
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D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. [http://www.processing.org http://www.processing.org], captured Feb. 26, 2012.
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|}

Latest revision as of 12:07, 21 August 2014

--D. Thiebaut 16:05, 18 January 2013 (EST)

Using Licenced material

iBook reference

Table of Contents

  • Preface
    • Why
    • Target
  • Introduction
    • Steam Boy
    • Mechanical calculators
      • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, divisions...
  • Several factors: electrical energy, switches, ON/OFF, binary, number systems, math, boolean logic, Shannon ==> Computer
    • Electricity
      • properties: easy storage, easy distribution, easy generation, fast, easy control
      • ON/OFF
    • Binary system versus decimal system.
    • Boolean Logic, George Boole.
    • Logic with electricity and switches
    • Shannon: Combining Logic and arithmetic
    • From the transistor to logic gates
  • Logic Design
    • Logic gate simulator
  • Assembly Language
    • Simulator
    • Performance
    • Bottleneck
  • Von Neumann Architecture
    • The architecture
    • Computer Architecture: how to bypass the bottleneck
  • Example of a High Level Language: Processing
  • From Moore's Law to the Singularity.

Style

PythonCayHorstmann.png
  • Use Python for Everyone by Cay Horstmann as a good example of clear style. Full chapter is available here.


Images

AntikytheraMecanism.png

Antikythera Mechanism, photo taken by Tilemahos Efthimiadis, National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece., taken from commons.wikimedia.org, July 28 2014. Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

SteamBoyDT.png

Steamboy. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

IceCreamCup3Balls.png

Ice Cream. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

ANDORGatesWithSwitches.png

AND OR gates with switches. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

LogicGatesAndOrNot.png

Inverter, And, and Or gates. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

ICAndGate.jpg

Integrated Circuit, AND gate. D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Conversation.jpg

Daniel Coy, "Conversation", online image, https://flic.kr/p/7mWZpb, Captured July 2014.

AANDNOTb.png

A and Not B, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

2-bitAdderGates.png

2-Bit Adder, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

Scale.gif

Animated Scale, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

NandFlipFlop1.png

Nand Flipflop 1, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

NandFlipFlop2.png

Nand Flipflop 2, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

CalculatorCreativeCommons.png

Ilnanny, "Calculator", online image, openclipart.org/image/800px/svg_to_png/170371/1338745223.png, captured Aug. 1st, 2014.

PrintedCircuitBoard.jpg

Barney Livingston, "BBC B - PCB, CPU removed," online image, farm1.staticflickr.com/83/235291503_080d9656a8_o_d.jpg, captured Aug. 1st, 2014.

CookieMonsterPacMan.png

Cookie Monster, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

ProcessorVsMemorySpeed.png

Data taken from Hennessy & Patterson, Computer Architecture, A Quantitative Approach, 5th Ed., Morgan Kauffman Pub., 2011. (spreadsheet)

CSC103WolframAlpha1billionSeconds.jpg

Wolfram Alpha LLC. 2010. Wolfram|Alpha. http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=1000000000+seconds (access August 5, 2014).

JohnVonNeumann.jpg

Wikispaces, online image, http://chessprogramming.wikispaces.com/John+von+Neumann, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license, captured on 8/5/2014.

MulticorePerformanceDrop.png

Performance Drop with Multicores, D. Thiebaut, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

WaterLilyCC0.jpg

Irene Wirsing, Water Lily Pond Pink Sunlight Tar Water, online image, http://pixabay.com/en/water-lily-pond-pink-sunlight-tar-338144/, captured Aug. 5, 2014, released under the [Creative Commons 0.

CSC103 ExponentialGrowth1.png

D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

CSC103 ExponentialGrowth2.png

D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (2), 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

CSC103 ExponentialGrowth3.png

D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (3), 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

CSC103 ExponentialGrowth4.png

D. Thiebaut, Exponential Growth (4), 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

HockeyStickAndHelmet.png

OpenClips, Hockey Ice Hockey Puck Hockey Stick Game Helmet, online image, http://pixabay.com/en/hockey-ice-hockey-puck-hockey-stick-155989/, captured Aug. 5, 2014.

LogarithmicScale1.jpg

D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

LogarithmicScale2.jpg

D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle (2), 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

CSC103 ExponentialGrowthLogarithmicScale.png

D. Thiebaut, Logarithmic Sacle Exponential Growth, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

GordonMooreCC2.png

Intel Free Press, Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce at Intel in 1970, cropped, online image, https://www.flickr.com/photos/intelfreepress/8429166752/in/photostream/, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license.

MooresLaw.png

shigeru23, Moore's Law 1970-2011, online image, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Moores_law_(1970-2011).PNG, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

ProcessingLogoClipped.png

Woodmath, Processing Logo Clipped, online image, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Processing_Logo_Clipped.svg, captured Aug. 5, 2014, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

ProcessingDotOrgGeneralArchitecture.png

D. Thiebaut, Processing's General Architecture, Released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

ProcessingIDE1.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

ProcessingIDE2.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

ProcessingEllipses1.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

ProcessingRectSyntax.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting a Processing Reference page. Processing is a creation by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

PickColorGreenYellowRGB.png

RGB to Color Name Mapping (Triplet and Hex), online image, http://web.njit.edu/~walsh/rgb.html, copyright 2010 by Kevin J. Walsh.

ProcessingFileExamples.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

ProcessingFileExamples2.png

D. Thiebaut, Screenshot depicting the Processing IDE made by Ben Fry and Casey Reas, released under the LGPL license. http://www.processing.org, captured Feb. 26, 2012.

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